Governance

// 1. Transaction Fees (Gas)
// All transactions on Tenzro Ledger pay gas in TNZO
let tx = Transaction {
    from: sender_address,
    to: recipient_address,
    value: amount,
    gas_limit: 21000,
    gas_price: 1_000_000_000,  // 1 Gwei in TNZO
    ..
};

// 2. AI Inference and TEE Service Payments
// Settle payments for intelligence and security providers
let settlement = SettlementRequest {
    from: user_address,
    to: provider_address,
    amount: inference_cost,  // In TNZO
    asset: Asset::Tnzo,
    proof: inference_proof,
};

// 3. Staking for Validation and Governance
// Validators and providers stake TNZO to secure the network
staking_manager.stake(validator_address, stake_amount)?;

// 4. Governance Voting
// Vote on proposals with stake-weighted voting power
governance_engine.vote(proposal_id, Vote::Yes, voting_power)?;

// Proposal states
pub enum ProposalState {
    Pending,      // Submitted, voting not started
    Active,       // Open for voting
    Succeeded,    // Quorum reached, majority yes
    Defeated,     // Quorum not reached or majority no
    Queued,       // Passed, waiting for timelock
    Executed,     // Applied to network
    Canceled,     // Proposer canceled
    Expired,      // Voting period ended without quorum
}

// Proposal lifecycle
Pending (submission)
  ↓
Active (voting period: 7 days)
  ↓
Succeeded / Defeated (vote tallying)
  ↓
Queued (timelock: 2 days)
  ↓
Executed (on-chain application)

// Timeline constants
const VOTING_PERIOD: u64 = 7 * 24 * 3600;  // 7 days
const TIMELOCK_PERIOD: u64 = 2 * 24 * 3600;  // 2 days
const QUORUM_THRESHOLD: f64 = 0.04;  // 4% of total supply
const APPROVAL_THRESHOLD: f64 = 0.51;  // 51% of votes cast

// Proposal structure
pub struct Proposal {
    pub id: u64,
    pub proposer: Address,
    pub title: String,
    pub description: String,
    pub actions: Vec<ProposalAction>,
    pub start_block: u64,
    pub end_block: u64,
    pub votes_for: u128,
    pub votes_against: u128,
    pub votes_abstain: u128,
    pub state: ProposalState,
    pub created_at: Timestamp,
}

// Proposal actions
pub enum ProposalAction {
    ParameterChange { key: String, value: String },
    TreasurySpend { recipient: Address, amount: u128 },
    ContractUpgrade { contract: Address, code: Vec<u8> },
    ValidatorSetChange { add: Vec<Address>, remove: Vec<Address> },
    Custom { target: Address, calldata: Vec<u8> },
}

// Submit proposal
let proposal = Proposal {
    proposer: my_address,
    title: "Increase block gas limit to 40M".to_string(),
    description: "To support higher throughput...".to_string(),
    actions: vec![
        ProposalAction::ParameterChange {
            key: "max_gas_limit".to_string(),
            value: "40000000".to_string(),
        }
    ],
    ..
};

governance_engine.submit_proposal(proposal)?;

// Vote enum
pub enum Vote {
    Yes,
    No,
    Abstain,
}

// Cast vote
pub fn vote(
    &mut self,
    proposal_id: u64,
    voter: Address,
    vote: Vote,
    voting_power: u128,
) -> Result<()> {
    let proposal = self.proposals.get_mut(&proposal_id)
        .ok_or(GovernanceError::ProposalNotFound)?;

    // Check proposal is active
    if proposal.state != ProposalState::Active {
        return Err(GovernanceError::ProposalNotActive);
    }

    // Verify voting power matches staked amount
    let actual_power = self.staking.get_stake(&voter)?;
    if voting_power > actual_power {
        return Err(GovernanceError::InsufficientVotingPower);
    }

    // Record vote
    match vote {
        Vote::Yes => proposal.votes_for += voting_power,
        Vote::No => proposal.votes_against += voting_power,
        Vote::Abstain => proposal.votes_abstain += voting_power,
    }

    self.voters.insert((proposal_id, voter), vote);

    info!("Vote recorded: proposal={}, voter={}, vote={:?}, power={}",
        proposal_id, voter, vote, voting_power);

    Ok(())
}

// Example: Vote with staked TNZO
let my_stake = staking_manager.get_stake(&my_address)?;
governance_engine.vote(proposal_id, my_address, Vote::Yes, my_stake)?;

// Tally votes and execute proposal
pub fn finalize_proposal(&mut self, proposal_id: u64) -> Result<()> {
    let proposal = self.proposals.get_mut(&proposal_id)
        .ok_or(GovernanceError::ProposalNotFound)?;

    // Check voting period ended
    if current_block() < proposal.end_block {
        return Err(GovernanceError::VotingNotEnded);
    }

    let total_votes = proposal.votes_for
        + proposal.votes_against
        + proposal.votes_abstain;

    let total_supply = self.token.total_supply();
    let quorum = (total_votes as f64) / (total_supply as f64);

    // Check quorum (4% of total supply)
    if quorum < QUORUM_THRESHOLD {
        proposal.state = ProposalState::Defeated;
        return Ok(());
    }

    // Check approval (51% of votes cast)
    let approval = (proposal.votes_for as f64) / (total_votes as f64);
    if approval >= APPROVAL_THRESHOLD {
        proposal.state = ProposalState::Succeeded;

        // Queue for timelock
        proposal.execution_time = current_timestamp() + TIMELOCK_PERIOD;
        proposal.state = ProposalState::Queued;
    } else {
        proposal.state = ProposalState::Defeated;
    }

    Ok(())
}

// Execute after timelock
pub fn execute_proposal(&mut self, proposal_id: u64) -> Result<()> {
    let proposal = self.proposals.get(&proposal_id)
        .ok_or(GovernanceError::ProposalNotFound)?;

    // Check state is Queued
    if proposal.state != ProposalState::Queued {
        return Err(GovernanceError::NotQueued);
    }

    // Check timelock passed
    if current_timestamp() < proposal.execution_time {
        return Err(GovernanceError::TimelockNotExpired);
    }

    // Execute all actions
    for action in &proposal.actions {
        match action {
            ProposalAction::ParameterChange { key, value } => {
                self.update_parameter(key, value)?;
            }
            ProposalAction::TreasurySpend { recipient, amount } => {
                self.treasury.withdraw(recipient, *amount)?;
            }
            ProposalAction::ContractUpgrade { contract, code } => {
                self.upgrade_contract(contract, code)?;
            }
            ProposalAction::ValidatorSetChange { add, remove } => {
                self.consensus.update_validator_set(add, remove)?;
            }
            ProposalAction::Custom { target, calldata } => {
                self.execute_custom_action(target, calldata)?;
            }
        }
    }

    proposal.state = ProposalState::Executed;
    info!("Proposal {} executed", proposal_id);

    Ok(())
}

// Staking configuration
const MIN_VALIDATOR_STAKE: u128 = 100_000 * 10u128.pow(18);  // 100k TNZO
const MIN_PROVIDER_STAKE: u128 = 10_000 * 10u128.pow(18);    // 10k TNZO
const UNBONDING_PERIOD: u64 = 7 * 24 * 3600;  // 7 days
const MAX_SLASHING: f64 = 0.10;  // 10% max slash

// Stake TNZO
pub fn stake(&mut self, staker: Address, amount: u128) -> Result<()> {
    // Transfer TNZO to staking contract
    self.token.transfer_from(&staker, &self.address, amount)?;

    // Update stake
    let current_stake = self.stakes.get(&staker).unwrap_or(&0);
    let new_stake = current_stake + amount;
    self.stakes.insert(staker, new_stake);

    // Update total staked
    self.total_staked += amount;

    info!("Staked {} TNZO for {}", amount, staker);
    Ok(())
}

// Unstake (initiates unbonding)
pub fn unstake(&mut self, staker: Address, amount: u128) -> Result<()> {
    let current_stake = self.stakes.get(&staker)
        .ok_or(StakingError::NoStake)?;

    if amount > *current_stake {
        return Err(StakingError::InsufficientStake);
    }

    // Create unbonding request
    let unbonding = UnbondingRequest {
        staker,
        amount,
        completion_time: current_timestamp() + UNBONDING_PERIOD,
    };

    self.unbonding_requests.push(unbonding);

    // Reduce stake immediately (but funds locked)
    self.stakes.insert(staker, current_stake - amount);
    self.total_staked -= amount;

    info!("Unstake initiated: {} TNZO, unlocks in 7 days", amount);
    Ok(())
}

// Withdraw after unbonding period
pub fn withdraw_unbonded(&mut self, staker: Address) -> Result<u128> {
    let mut total_withdrawn = 0;

    self.unbonding_requests.retain(|req| {
        if req.staker == staker && current_timestamp() >= req.completion_time {
            self.token.transfer(&self.address, &staker, req.amount).unwrap();
            total_withdrawn += req.amount;
            false  // Remove from list
        } else {
            true  // Keep in list
        }
    });

    Ok(total_withdrawn)
}

// Slash validator for misbehavior
pub fn slash(
    &mut self,
    validator: Address,
    offense: SlashingOffense,
) -> Result<u128> {
    let stake = self.stakes.get(&validator)
        .ok_or(StakingError::NoStake)?;

    // Determine slash percentage based on offense
    let slash_percent = match offense {
        SlashingOffense::DoubleSign => 0.05,      // 5%
        SlashingOffense::Downtime => 0.01,        // 1%
        SlashingOffense::InvalidAttestation => 0.03,  // 3%
        SlashingOffense::EquivocationDetected => 0.10,  // 10% (FULLY IMPLEMENTED)
    };

    let slash_amount = ((*stake as f64) * slash_percent) as u128;

    // Cap at MAX_SLASHING
    let slash_amount = slash_amount.min(((*stake as f64) * MAX_SLASHING) as u128);

    // Reduce stake
    let new_stake = stake - slash_amount;
    self.stakes.insert(validator, new_stake);
    self.total_staked -= slash_amount;

    // Burn slashed TNZO
    self.token.burn(&self.address, slash_amount)?;

    warn!("Slashed validator {}: offense={:?}, amount={}",
        validator, offense, slash_amount);

    Ok(slash_amount)
}

// Slashing offenses
pub enum SlashingOffense {
    DoubleSign,           // Signing conflicting blocks
    Downtime,             // Offline for extended period
    InvalidAttestation,   // Providing false TEE attestation
    EquivocationDetected, // Voting for multiple blocks in same view
}

// Epoch configuration
const EPOCH_DURATION: u64 = 24 * 3600;  // 24 hours
const BLOCK_REWARD: u128 = 10 * 10u128.pow(18);  // 10 TNZO per block
const INFLATION_RATE: f64 = 0.05;  // 5% annual inflation

// Reward distribution
pub struct RewardDistributor {
    treasury: NetworkTreasury,
    staking: StakingManager,
    distributed_epochs: HashSet<u64>,
}

impl RewardDistributor {
    // Distribute rewards at epoch end
    pub fn distribute_epoch_rewards(&mut self, epoch: u64) -> Result<()> {
        // Check not already distributed
        if self.distributed_epochs.contains(&epoch) {
            return Err(RewardError::AlreadyDistributed);
        }

        // Calculate total rewards for epoch
        let blocks_in_epoch = self.get_epoch_block_count(epoch)?;
        let block_rewards = blocks_in_epoch as u128 * BLOCK_REWARD;

        // Add transaction fees collected
        let fee_rewards = self.treasury.get_epoch_fees(epoch)?;

        // Add network commissions (AI inference, TEE services)
        let commission_rewards = self.treasury.get_epoch_commissions(epoch)?;

        let total_rewards = block_rewards + fee_rewards + commission_rewards;

        info!("Distributing {} TNZO for epoch {}", total_rewards, epoch);

        // Distribute proportionally to validators by stake
        let validators = self.get_active_validators(epoch)?;
        let total_stake = self.staking.total_staked;

        for validator in validators {
            let stake = self.staking.get_stake(&validator)?;
            let share = (stake as f64) / (total_stake as f64);
            let reward = (total_rewards as f64 * share) as u128;

            // Transfer reward
            self.treasury.transfer(&validator, reward)?;

            info!("Reward: validator={}, stake={}, reward={}",
                validator, stake, reward);
        }

        // Mark epoch as distributed
        self.distributed_epochs.insert(epoch);

        Ok(())
    }
}

// Treasury structure
pub struct NetworkTreasury {
    balances: HashMap<Asset, u128>,
    pending_withdrawals: Vec<WithdrawalRequest>,
    multisig_threshold: u32,  // e.g., 3-of-5
    signers: Vec<Address>,
}

// Collect fees from transactions
pub fn collect_fee(&mut self, asset: Asset, amount: u128) -> Result<()> {
    let current = self.balances.get(&asset).map(|v| *v).unwrap_or(0);
    self.balances.insert(asset, current + amount);
    Ok(())
}

// Multisig withdrawal (requires governance proposal)
pub fn request_withdrawal(
    &mut self,
    recipient: Address,
    asset: Asset,
    amount: u128,
    proposer: Address,
) -> Result<u64> {
    let request = WithdrawalRequest {
        id: self.next_withdrawal_id(),
        recipient,
        asset,
        amount,
        proposer,
        approvals: HashSet::new(),
        created_at: current_timestamp(),
    };

    let id = request.id;
    self.pending_withdrawals.push(request);

    Ok(id)
}

// Approve withdrawal (multisig signer)
pub fn approve_withdrawal(
    &mut self,
    withdrawal_id: u64,
    signer: Address,
) -> Result<()> {
    // Verify signer is authorized
    if !self.signers.contains(&signer) {
        return Err(TreasuryError::UnauthorizedSigner);
    }

    let request = self.pending_withdrawals.iter_mut()
        .find(|r| r.id == withdrawal_id)
        .ok_or(TreasuryError::WithdrawalNotFound)?;

    request.approvals.insert(signer);

    // Execute if threshold reached
    if request.approvals.len() >= self.multisig_threshold as usize {
        self.execute_withdrawal(withdrawal_id)?;
    }

    Ok(())
}

// Treasury balance query
pub fn get_balance(&self, asset: &Asset) -> u128 {
    self.balances.get(asset).map(|v| *v).unwrap_or(0)
}

// Example: Treasury holds TNZO, USDC, USDT, ETH, SOL, BTC
treasury.get_balance(&Asset::Tnzo);   // Fee accumulation
treasury.get_balance(&Asset::Usdc);   // Commission accumulation

// Liquid staking configuration
const STTNZO_DECIMALS: u8 = 18;
const PROTOCOL_FEE_BPS: u16 = 1000;  // 10% (1000 basis points)
const UNBONDING_PERIOD: u64 = 7 * 24 * 3600;  // 7 days

// Deposit TNZO, receive stTNZO
pub fn deposit(&mut self, depositor: Address, amount: u128) -> Result<u128> {
    // Transfer TNZO to pool
    self.tnzo.transfer_from(&depositor, &self.address, amount)?;

    // Calculate stTNZO to mint (based on exchange rate)
    let exchange_rate = self.exchange_rate()?;
    let sttnzo_amount = self.tnzo_to_sttnzo(amount, exchange_rate)?;

    // Mint stTNZO to depositor
    self.sttnzo.mint(&depositor, sttnzo_amount)?;

    // Update pool state
    self.total_tnzo_staked += amount;
    self.total_sttnzo_supply += sttnzo_amount;

    // Delegate to validators (multi-validator strategy)
    self.delegate_to_validators(amount)?;

    info!("Liquid stake: {} TNZO → {} stTNZO", amount, sttnzo_amount);
    Ok(sttnzo_amount)
}

// Exchange rate calculation (rebases automatically)
pub fn exchange_rate(&self) -> Result<f64> {
    if self.total_sttnzo_supply == 0 {
        return Ok(1.0);  // Initial 1:1 rate
    }

    // Total TNZO value = staked + accumulated rewards
    let total_value = self.total_tnzo_staked + self.accumulated_rewards;

    // Exchange rate = total_value / sttnzo_supply
    let rate = (total_value as f64) / (self.total_sttnzo_supply as f64);

    Ok(rate)
}

// Request withdrawal (initiates unbonding)
pub fn request_withdrawal(&mut self, withdrawer: Address, sttnzo_amount: u128)
    -> Result<u64>
{
    // Calculate TNZO value
    let exchange_rate = self.exchange_rate()?;
    let tnzo_amount = self.sttnzo_to_tnzo(sttnzo_amount, exchange_rate)?;

    // Burn stTNZO
    self.sttnzo.burn(&withdrawer, sttnzo_amount)?;

    // Create unbonding request
    let request_id = self.next_request_id();
    let request = UnbondingRequest {
        id: request_id,
        withdrawer,
        sttnzo_amount,
        tnzo_amount,
        completion_time: current_timestamp() + UNBONDING_PERIOD,
    };

    self.unbonding_requests.push(request);
    self.total_sttnzo_supply -= sttnzo_amount;

    info!("Withdrawal requested: {} stTNZO → {} TNZO (unlocks in 7 days)",
        sttnzo_amount, tnzo_amount);

    Ok(request_id)
}

// Claim unbonded TNZO
pub fn claim_unbonded(&mut self, withdrawer: Address) -> Result<u128> {
    let mut total_claimed = 0;

    self.unbonding_requests.retain(|req| {
        if req.withdrawer == withdrawer
            && current_timestamp() >= req.completion_time
        {
            // Transfer TNZO to withdrawer
            self.tnzo.transfer(&self.address, &withdrawer, req.tnzo_amount)
                .unwrap();

            total_claimed += req.tnzo_amount;
            self.total_tnzo_staked -= req.tnzo_amount;

            false  // Remove from list
        } else {
            true  // Keep in list
        }
    });

    Ok(total_claimed)
}

// List all proposals
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "tenzro_listProposals",
  "params": [{ "state": "Active" }],
  "id": 1
}

// Response
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": [
    {
      "id": 42,
      "title": "Increase block gas limit to 40M",
      "description": "...",
      "proposer": "0x...",
      "state": "Active",
      "votes_for": "15000000000000000000000000",
      "votes_against": "8000000000000000000000000",
      "votes_abstain": "2000000000000000000000000",
      "end_block": 150000,
      "actions": [...]
    }
  ],
  "id": 1
}

// Vote on proposal
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "tenzro_vote",
  "params": [{
    "proposal_id": 42,
    "vote": "Yes",
    "voting_power": "1000000000000000000000"  // 1000 TNZO
  }],
  "id": 2
}

// Get voting power
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "tenzro_getVotingPower",
  "params": ["0x..."],
  "id": 3
}

// Response
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "address": "0x...",
    "staked": "1000000000000000000000",  // 1000 TNZO
    "voting_power": "1000000000000000000000"
  },
  "id": 3
}

# Participate in governance
# 1. Acquire TNZO tokens
tenzro-cli wallet balance

# 2. Stake TNZO for voting power
tenzro-cli stake --amount 1000

# 3. Review active proposals
tenzro-cli governance list-proposals --state Active

# 4. Vote on proposals
tenzro-cli governance vote --proposal-id 42 --vote yes

# 5. Monitor proposal progress
tenzro-cli governance show-proposal --id 42

# Use liquid staking for liquidity
# Stake TNZO but maintain transferability via stTNZO
tenzro-cli liquid-stake deposit --amount 5000

# Check stTNZO balance (automatically rebases)
tenzro-cli wallet balance --token stTNZO